Native Americans and the Issue of Alcoholism free essay sample

Following the European invasion in America, Native Americans came to endure many problems. While some have faded, others still linger on in their lives. The issue of alcohol and alcoholism is one of them. From settlers using it to deceive, to today’s issues on the reservation, alcohol has played a devastating role in the lives of Native Americans. Knowing how the issue of alcohol became such a predominate part of Native Americans lives will allow us to spawn ideas on how to end the problem. Before the colonists arrived in America, Native Americans had little to no knowledge of alcoholic beverages. â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. We will write a custom essay sample on Native Americans and the Issue of Alcoholism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1 ). Low alcohol beverages were produced by some tribes but this was only used for ceremonial practices (â€Å"History of Alcohol Among Native Americans† par 2). When the Europeans entered America they brought over beverages that superseded the alcohol percent of any drink produced by Indians. European colonization is what introduced alcohol to the Native Americans, but mass consumption did not occur until the seventeenth century (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. 2). As the fur trade began gaining momentum in the seventeenth century, so did the alcohol trade. Some European traders offered alcohol during the trading process to manipulate the Native Americans (Eshkibok par. 7). Also, skins and furs where being traded for alcohol instead of necessities the Indian people needed. This occurred because the younger Native American men, who became addicted to alcohol, had control over the trade and chose the alcohol over other items. These decisions left Indian nations in states of poverty and left them in difficulty dealing with the invading Europeans (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. ). As more Europeans entered American, more and more Native Americans were forced into reservations. These reservations left Indians in mass poverty, cultural shock and with no hunting grounds. Reservations with these issues are breeding grounds for social problems, including alcoholism. Many assumptions have been made as to why the Indians became so addicted to alcohol. The biggest factor that causes the alcoholism is how life on the reservations is for Native Americans. As said before, poverty and cultural shock causes depression among the population of the reservation, which leads to substance abuse to cure these feelings. There are a few statistics one must consider, presented in an article by Peter Katel. In reservations nationwide, forty nine percent of the population is unemployed; that is 10 times the national average. Also, deaths from alcoholism are at least six hundred and fifty times higher than the national average. These statistics show how life on the reservation is vastly different. With such a sense of despair in the reservations, it is understandable why people turn to substances for an outlet. While most blame it on the conditions of the reservations, some blame can be put on the chemical make-up and genetics of the Native Americans themselves. Depending on race, the time it takes to metabolize alcohol differs. In the case of Native Americans, the time it takes to metabolize alcohol is lower (Ringwalt par. 3). This difference in metabolizing rates could explain why the Indians developed a habit to alcohol very quickly when first introduced to it when the colonist arrived. Many misconceptions have arrived with the issues of alcoholism in Native Americans though. Due to some reservations having high populations of alcoholics, stereotypes have evolved. Bars began displaying signs forbidding them to drink (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. 5). According to an article written by grad student Mike Eshkibok, the stereotype has even made its way to the big screen in movies like Flags of our Fathers and Apocalypto ; â€Å"These powerful films depict Indians in a violent or stereotypical way, suggesting that all Indians are afflicted with drug and alcohol problems† (par. ). This stereotype has gone as far as to have people believe that Indians are either wise old men, or drunks (Nerburn pg. 185). Scientific study also is affected by these stereotype and leads to biased results. Recent studies were found to have false results about the percentage of Native American alcoholics from two reservations. Even though the results of the new study found that the amount of alcoholics on the reservation were fifty percent higher than national averages, it was still considerably lower than the previous study which found up to eighty percent f the men on the reservations were alcoholics (Ham par. 2). With stereotypes becoming so inflated that it affects scientific studies, a higher concern of solving this problem must begin. Native Americans have dealt with many problems after European colonization, and one of the prevalent issues is alcoholism. With the history of alcohol being an invasive and with modern times leading to more cases of alcoholism, it is hard to say when the Native Americans will see the day when their communities are free of this trouble. Section 2: Alcoholism is an issue in many peoples lives. But for Native Americans it has become a very common issues effecting many people. Native Americans also affect more than health, issues like stereotyping and control come into play. Two authors decided to include the effects of alcohol in their works. By showing the affects of alcohol in Native Americans, people will be able to see the difficulties of the disease and try to overcome some of the problems. In the play â€Å"Ghost Dance† by Annette Arkeketa, a women named Hokti is dealing with her issues of alcoholism while she lays in a coma. You see the thoughts of both Hokti and her family sitting by her side. This issues that are brought up show how each side is affected by the disease. Hokti herself is affected by the â€Å"Alcohol Spirit† who deems her unable to live life with out alcohol, while her family is listening to her younger sister Lori state how she has changed and how dying would be best for her. The problems that are brought up show how the family is affected by the alcoholic daughter and proves that even if they are Native American, they are dealing with a huge problem. Arkeketa play is told by a man telling a story to two children. He is trying to explain why there are no more Native Americans. Alcoholism is tearing up the Native American culture and with out the strength of the Indians and the help from the out side world the Native Americans may never overcome the grasp of alcoholism. Arkeketa may be trying to create this concept in her play. Hokti is hearing the words of her sister, the out side world, and is becoming informed on how she is acting, while hearing this she is battling, and ultimate helping herself conquer alcohol. Alcohol has also affected the reputations of all Indians, not just the ones who are alcoholics. In Neither Wolf Nor Dog by Kent Nerburn, the issue of stereotyping Indians is brought up. Nerburn travels around with an Indian elder named Dan and hears his take on problems facing the Indian people. While at a bar in a local town, two drunk Native Americans walk in and make a scene. This sets Dan off on a story about how people only see Native Americans as either the wise elders or drunk slobs. Dan states â€Å" ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬For white people they only see two types of Indians. Drunken bums and Noble Indians†¦. When they meet one of us who‘s not drunk they have to deal with us†(185). This stereotype is very true, and has been around for a long time. Signs in bars stating â€Å"We don’t sell to Indians†, and laws being passed to make selling alcohol on reservations illegal (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. 7). Stereotyping begins many doubts about the Indian people, even if some chose not to drink or can tolerate themselves. Nerburn was asked by Dan to write this book in hopes of dispelling the common misconceptions about Indians and to show how exactly they have been living. Throughout the story Nerburn has had trouble figuring out how to write the story. He is told that he must not make it white or the message will not get across. Nerburn then decided to write the story as is occurs, in first person. This makes the reader as if themselves are Nerburn going through this journey. So when readers are experiencing this journey they really come to realize how the Native Americans are feeling and get a new perspective. This way of writing will help the readers dispel the stereotypes they may have had, especially on alcoholism. Seeing an Native Americans point of view on issues like this really gives the public a full view of issues like alcoholism in Native American lives. With authors like Nerburn and Arkeketa writing about the difficulties of alcoholism in Native Americans lives, people will begin to see how the Native Americans are dealing with the issue and how some are connected even though they don’t suffer from the diseases at all. When people begin to understand the problems, more effort to fix it will come up.

AIDS

About HIV/AIDS "Fresh air can seriously damage your health". A most unlikely Government Health warning but, for the patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome, AIDS, air-borne infection presents a constant threat of pneumonia and death. Nearly all will die of diseases caused by microbes that are everywhere in the environment, and harmless to the normal, healthy individual. It could almost be said that air, water and food carry death to anyone infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV - the causative agent of AIDS. The World Health Organisation estimates that, by the end of the decade, ten million people will have died from AIDS-related disease, and a further forty million will be infected by HIV. This is an epidemic of plague proportion, and the majority of its victims will be from the poorest countries of sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia.In an individual with AIDS the protective immune system has collapsed.HIV Testing AD2As a result, the individual becomes susceptible to infection by a variety of environmental microbes. These microbes present no problem to the healthy individual, but can be fatal to the AIDS patient. For instance, Pneumocystis carinii - a fungal like organism, is a major cause of pneumonia-related death in AIDS patients in the developed world. Few doctors would have encountered this infection in their normal practice before the start of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s.Indoor swimming presents a hazard of infection from Mycobacterium avium - an organism that is found in soil, water and fresh vegetables, and is distantly related to the causative agent of Tuberculosis. Before the AIDS epidemic established itself, only twenty-four cases of Mycobacterium avium infection had ever been reported in the medical literature. In 1985 it was considered to present no health risk, even to AIDS patients. By 1990, over twelve thousand clinical...

Protein Article Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Protein Article - Research Paper Example In humans, protein requirements depend on age, sex and weight. According to World Health Organisation rapid growth occurs during the period of infancy which ranges from 0-1 years. Growth is made up of increase in height, weight and mass. It also involves the development and maturation of various body systems. The rapid increase in growth is marked by an increase in the number and sizes of the body cells. This solely depends on the amount of protein provided in the diet. According to WHO, infants require about 0.8 g/kg body weight of dietary protein while as adults require about 0.5g/kg for growth (Scrimshaw, 2002). The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advocates that a full term should be feed exclusively on breast milk for the first six months. Proteins constitute 6% of breast milk and are essential for the growing infant. According to the WHO, protein requirements are determined by the weight of an individual. Infants require more proteins as a percentage of body weight when compared to adults. An infant who weighs an average weight of 10kg requires 11.8g/day of protein while an adult who weigh about 50kg requires about 42g/day (Barrett, 2009). This is because infants have a high energy demand owing to the high surface area to volume ratio. This means that infants loss more heat than adults thus have a higher caloric demand as compared to adults. The intestines of a normal adult contain bacteria also known as normal flora. These organisms aid in the breakdown of complex protein to simple amino acids which are easily absorbed. The breaking down of dietary proteins to absorbable amino acids also requires complex enzymes. However, in infants these mechanisms are not fully developed (Barrett, 2009). This means that infants have to consume large amounts of proteins to meet their daily dietary requirement. In conclusion, protein requirements depend on the age, sex and

The Security Professional and their role in Emergency, Disaster and Essay

The Security Professional and their role in Emergency, Disaster and Contingency Planning - Essay Example It also explains the measures and techniques that the security professional use to handle different emergencies or disasters. An emergency refers to an unforeseen combination of circumstances whose resulting states of nature require immediate attention and actions. An emergency may be serious to the extent that if no immediate attention is provided, it can result to crucial and fatal situations. A contingency, on the other hand, refers to an event that has the possibility of either occurring or not occurring in the future as predicted. A disaster can occur if people live near hazardous areas like unstable slopes where landslides are most likely to happen active volcanoes or close to rivers that are likely to burst and flood any minute. Introduction Security professionals are a group of low voltage contractors, individuals, or firms that specialize in the installation of security systems (Fischer, 2008). These systems are installed either at homes, offices, business premises, military camps, or even sport centers and clubs. Security professional also engage in maintenance and servicing of the security systems installed at any given destination. The different types of security systems include fire alarms, burglar alarms, 24 hour emergency service, access control, internet and cellular monitoring, closed circuit television (CCTV) surveillance systems, 24 hour UL monitoring system, home theatres and outdoor intrusion detectors. Security professionals ensure that they provide the necessary security system for all destinations. For example, in providing for home security, there are different systems that can be provided and they include fire alarm notification and detection, medical emergency notification, intrusion detection and carbon monoxide detection (Fischer, 2008). The installation of home security is vital for any home because it provides 24 hour security to an individual’s loved ones especially when one is absent. This is because it aids in watching o ver one’s valuable possessions while absent from the house at any given time of day. This kind of protection is necessary since it reduces chances of burglary and intrusion. To aid in home security, also available are both wireless and hard wired systems that have a battery backup which keeps the homes protected even if power goes off. Security camera systems and video surveillance have gained popularity in protecting business areas like banks and other retail stores. Security cameras and videos have aided in improving security of these facilities because they tend to attract huge numbers of people that frequent their premises on a daily account. Security professionals have also had an upper hand in improving security in travel depots like air strips, shipping and port security, and the road transport security. Air port security is of utmost importance because a lot of people travel by plane. Security professionals seek to ensure that no passengers board the plane with prohib ited items that could cause a plane hijack or a staged bomb. This is done by ensuring that items like knives, pen knives, fire arms, scissors, box cutters, inflammable objects and other sharp objects are confiscated upon discovery at the checking points (Fischer, 2008). In road transport mainly operated by the buses, action plans are

Ch12 - ismg3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ch12 - ismg3000 - Essay Example As planned, and upon communicating with the IT personnel, it was disclosed that the strategy would be to continue with their intention to mirror out the site with the use of current development files and eventually run it as efficiently as possible without shutting the organization. Likewise, the plan necessitates communicating the step-by-step process intended by IT to intensify security measures with the goal of preventing the intrusion that happened. As revealed, they must communicate their courses of action regularly with the CEO, Carl Williams, and with the rest of the firm to regain their confidence, as required. perfect sense in a world of instant information access. It presupposes that the staff would gather all the relevant information and details that is deemed crucial in resolving an identified problem. As such, it also takes into consideration that an extensive and comprehensive analysis has been done in-depth to enable the staff to select the most effective recommendation given that it would be the most beneficial for the organization. The contemporary world that provides immediate access to information is conducive to this doctrine as it enables the personnel to collect as much useful information as possible. Only when the report has been completed in greater detail and in full disclosure, should the approving authority, a CEO, in this situation, would be needed to either approve or disprove what has been proposed. From previous chapters, it was explicitly revealed that the CEO does not want to be bypassed, especially when there are relevant concerns that need to be elevated to the Board. If Baron would bypass Williams, the move would cause tremendous strain and earn the ire of Williams. In the current situation, Barton must regain William’s confidence in him and what good he can do for IT and for the organization, as a whole. By bypassing the CEO, it would send the message that

Importance Of Environmental Protection In Malaysia Tourism Essay

Importance Of Environmental Protection In Malaysia Tourism Essay Conservation and environmental protection are very important in Malaysia. Environment stabilization and maintaining to ensure that Malaysia create protection area for fauna and flora such as establishment of national parks. It is because input from natures resources are important to economic. While environmental quality on the other hand is productive asset for society. Tropical natures are one of the important assets to tourism sector of a country. As a country with equator climate, Malaysia has unique natures and island row. Recently, Malaysia started move forward to become a developed country. Various sectors which become role model in order in development strategies for example industrial sector, agriculture and tourism. Through tourism sector, Malaysia have introduced some natural place which become focus point for tourist as their recreation place for the purpose to kill their time and for enjoyable activities for example at national park, forest reserve and islands. Therefore, Malaysia afford make tourism sector as a major source of returns if the natures beauty can be always maintained. At the same time, tourism industry has improvement and growing clearly show that Malaysia has unique attractiveness. Besides that, multi racial people with different cultural stay peace in one country make Malaysia become more unique and more attract outside tourist arrival and this is a source of profit for the country. Therefore cultural diversity and arts is key determinant in attract tourists. Table 1.1: Number of arrival according to nationality Sarawak Year Nationality 2004 2005 Malaysia 2,092,704 2,248,829 Singapore 40,329 42,912 Australia and New Zealand 30,403 28,066 Canada 11,310 9.062 Hong Kong 1,100 593 India 12,924 12,426 United Kingdom and Ireland 44,267 42,136 Brunei 1,280,135 1,354,148 America 10,973 11,207 China 11,768 11,207 West Europe 19,268 18,729 East Europe 992 1,355 Filipina 104,341 101,521 Indonesia 379,477 449,327 Japan 10,245 9,142 Taiwan 8,283 7,472 Thailand 17,189 17,994 Others 258,183 198,704 Total 4,333,891 4,577,489 (Source: Immigration Department, Sarawak) Table 1.2: Number of arrival according to state Sarawak Tahun State 2004 2005 Kuching 779,135 859,320 Sibu 127,454 166,018 Miri 311,445 332,669 Bintulu 41,032 73,167 Limbang 243,762 238,465 Total 4,333,891 1,669,639 (Source: Immigration Department, Sarawak) Apart from that, infrastructure facilities is one of the factor of tourist arrival. It is because tourists will require comfort and seek solace when visit to a country. For example, many tourists who come to the Malaysia is to enjoy scenic beauty of the natures and the unique of cultural diversity. So the comfortable of accommodation such as hotel, chalet and so on as a factor to attract tourist arrival. Accommodation facility play important role cause this will be a factor to determine whether tourist will stay long or otherwise. Sarawak is the biggest state in Malaysia which famous with rich of various ethnic groups of culture and rich in history and heritage and also known as Land of Hornbills. Sarawak not only the largest state in Malaysia, it also was the state that divide to a lot area and contain longest river in Malaysia, largest flower in the world, largest moth in the world, widen cave in the world, oldest tropical rainforest and the first person emerge in Southeast Asian available in Sarawak. This had show that Sarawak is unique and distinctive. Recreation place in Sarawak consist of natural view area and cultural centers such as Sarawak Cultural Village. Sarawak Cultural Village popular with natural beauty among local and oversea tourists. The rich of ecology, biological and tradition in Sarawak Cultural Village really amazing. Therefore, efforts was being improved towards preserve ecology diversity, biological and tradition in Cultural Village. It is because cultural diversity and tradition of the local people able to attract a lot of tourists visit to this land of hornbills. Sarawak state indeed rich with various type of culture and ethnic such as Malay dance, Chinese and others ethnic in Sarawak which able to entertain tourist especially those tourist that like to see community life in Sarawak. Since cultural village started open to visit, so indirectly exist damage and pollution risk to the natures and beauty scene. Therefore, cultural village have to be preserve scenic beauty and traditional residence from threatened by human. Sarawak Cultural Village Background Sarawak Cultural Village located at Damai Beach Santubong and approximately 35km from the state capital Kuching town and dubbed as living museum in Sarawak. Sarawak Cultural Village also become a destination must be visited for those who first step to Land of Hornbills. This living museum officially opened since February 1990. This living museum consists seven hectares wide and about 150 people living in the village which include seven ethnic group namely Bidayuh, Iban, Orang Ulu, Penan, Melanau, Malay and Chinese. And each ethnic have their own lifestyle and traditional cultures for example the building of each ethnic is different, longhouse of the Iban, Bidayuh and Orang Ulu, Melanau live at tall house while Chinese is farm house. Apart from that, the entrance fees to Sarawak Cultural Village show as Table 1.3. Table 1.3: Entrance Fees Entrance fees Category Sarawak citizen Not Sarawak Citizen Adult RM25 RM60 Children (between 6-12 of age) RM18 RM30 Student RM15 RM15 (Source: Sarawak Cultural Village) Figure1.1: Sarawak Cultural Village Location (Sumber : Malaxi Damai Beach) Ethnic Bidayuh known as Dayak Darat achieve 8.4 percents out of total population in Sarawak. Majority ethnic Bidayug stay in long house that located nearby slope of mountain and also nearby river. Their house are made from board and bamboo with sago palm roof. Tourists can enjoy long house lifestyle when visit to this place. Iban tribesman known as Laut Dayak which their long house concept built up with large living room and several bed room. This ethnic most important treasure bravery. Every soldier able to kill enemy, will get appreciation as warrior and greeted with custom dances. Hence, Penan lifestyle is nomad style means that dislike stay in a place with long time. Therefore, their residence size also quite small size. Apart from that, Orang Ulu like to build house scattered in highland and river bank. While Melanau house is the most unique among other Sarawak ethnic, it is because their house is build up 40 feet tall from land, main purpose is to prevent attack by enemy and flood. At the same time, local ethnic dance performance including Ngajat Lesong and Ngajat Pahlawan, ethnic musical performance show in Theater Sarawak Cultural Village start from 11.30 oclock in the morning to 4.00 oclock in the afternoon, and every performance take 45 minutes long. Figure 1.2: Total population with ethnic Sarawak 2005 (Source : Jabatan Penduduk dan Perumahan Malaysia) 1.3 The Important of Conservation and Preservation natural resource and cultural in Malaysia Tourist industry depends highly on natural resources and cultural diversity which has potential to promote and attract tourist arrival. Natures is one asset that used to attract tourists arrival to see beauty and sense new experience. Awareness on the important of preserve natures in various level (government sector, private sector and society) for establishment of several protected area. Establish Sarawak Cultural Village is one of the approach that used to make sure the place that rich of ecology diversity, biological and cultural heritage preserved and conserve for future generation cause by time pass. Since Sarawak Cultural Village open visit to tourist in year 1990, cultural village record around 70,000 people visit per year. Tourists get benefit while visit to cultural village including view natures scenic, cultural heritage and handicraft and do various recreation activities and as well as research and learning also. So their entry capable increase economic growth and also Kuching capital development from the return of the cultural village. Indirectly, cultural village establish economic opportunities to society such as job opportunity, income level and others fields. At the same time, tourism growth in Sarawak due to influence development at that area. Therefore society nearby can enjoy high quality of infrastructure and facilities. 1.4 Problem Statement General know that the beauty of natural scenic and rich of various tradition ethnic play different important role and function. Conservation and retention cultural village concept need improvement but it involves high cost. Therefore, entrepreneur cultural village impose a entrance payment rate around RM60 for adult non Sarawak citizen for the conservation and retention purpose. According to policy makers especially government, whatever decision on resource utilization require information related cost and benefit. For example, conservation and retention effort, government require information about cost and benefit to make a decision whether feasible or not. So, the issue is the benefit value from conservation and retention could not be valued in finance form. That is, benefit value from the conservation and retention only can estimate in quantitative with using concept Willingness To Pay (WTP). The value of WTP on entrance fees to cultural village typified their willingness pay apart from purpose enjoy recreational facility but also conservation and retention program. Evaluation conservation and retention program divide to two aspect namely direct use value and indirect use value. Direct use value consists goods and services such as natural scenery and traditional dances of various tribesman. Indirect use value could not be valued in market in fact it more focus on ecology and biology, tribesman residence and recreation protection. Therefore, conservation and retention create indirect use value to human and also natures as well. Objective To study and estimate WTP value for the purpose of conservation and preservation Sarawak Cultural Village. To identify those factor influence WTP for the cost of preservation for air quality, scenic view. Tradition building in Sarawak Cultural Village. To analysis the important of Sarawak Cultural Village to societys tradition Sarawak. To develop strategy to ensure that retention bring optimum benefit to society Sarawak. 1.6 Research Scope Data collection in this study is refer to research design which primary data collected through questionnaire method. Sampling point focus at area Damai Beach, Santubong, area Sarawak Cultural Village. Total respondent in this study around one hundred and will use interview method based on objective study. Respondent category chosen is individual that has worked. Statistical Package for the School Science (SPSS) software will be used to strengthened result of the study by looking relationship among each variables. 1.7 The Important of Research Since 1984, tourism industry show potential returns to economic growth. Hence, government had develop several plan to improve and expansion tourism industry by set up a ministry especially for cultural tourism able increase this industry by Tourism Development Company to promote and enlarge tourism market, facility improvement has been given for investment in this tourism industry. Investment for accommodation projects such as hotel and motel and infrastructure such as recreation center and other facilities were given pioneer status or tax incentive to government. Indirectly those incentives give growth to the country. Government recommend village tourism was one of the new effective alternative which this development product is based on the natural resources and custom of different ethnic. Nowadays, various strategies generated by government to promote natural tourism and the unique of custom as a new attraction tourists. Therefore, tourists nowadays more interest with nature tourism, so government play important role in conserve and maintain the quality of the recreation center and nature in Malaysia can bring positive growth and give benefit to society as well. Besides can promote cultural village which rich of natural environment, society indirectly also can get the benefit and impact from this tourism strategy. From this studies, conservation and retention program were important to environment in Malaysia. Environment stabilization or known as environmental sustainability encourage Malaysia develop more protection area to preserve flora and fauna in a certain park or forest. It is because input from natures is important source to economic. While environmental quality on the other hand is productive asset to society. 1.8 Research Organization This project paper will divided to five chapters: Chapter 1 discuss about the important of conservation and preservation of the cultural area in Malaysia. Therefore, this study will issue objective to achieve the conservation study. Apart from that, research scope and methodology also be explained clearly in this chapter. Chapter 2 is part to increase knowledge in the subject area. Besides that, collection previous studies from others economist researcher as a references to identify information and ideas that relevant to this research. Chapter 3 focuses on describing the associated methodology in the analysis of the contingent valuation for conservation and retention of the Sarawak Cultural Village. Method that will be used is Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Furthermore, Statistical Package for the School Science (SPSS) software will be used to strengthened result of the study by looking relationship among each variables. Besides, various test will be run for the independent and dependent variables. Model will be use in this study will be explained clearly in this chapter. Type of data collection in this study is primary data through questionnaire method. Therefore, sampling point focus at area Damai Beach, Santubong, area Sarawak Cultural Village. Total respondent in this study around one hundred and will use interview method based on objective study. Chapter 4 presents the data analysis result of the study with different test. Every decision will be elaborated clearly and performing in graph form and schedule. Interpretation of result will be stated in this section. Chapter 5 is the last chapter in this study. This chapter would be summarize the study been discussed and provides information to develop policies and strategies to ensure conservation and retention program on cultural village continuously so that future generation have chance to enjoy the benefit and economic value from this conservation.

Sunset Blvd. Essay -- essays research papers

The Thematic Intentions of Sunset Boulevard   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The film Sunset Boulevard directed by Billy Wilder and staring the main characters of Norma Desmond, Joe Gillis, and Max Von Mayerling is ideal example of how important film making techniques help depict a movie’s core theme intentions with vivid clarity. Classic Hollywood is the first thing that comes to mind when one speaks about this film’s style. This signature category combined with the visual style of realism and it’s continuity editing; detailed mise-en-scene and all of its characteristics; and lastly the use of reoccurring motifs with formalistic qualities make the audience grasp the central theme of just how vicious the actual motion industry can be to the individuals that keep its alive. I hope to convey all of this through a detailed explanation involving and about specific scenes included in the film and a direct tie-in of how the precise attributes above play such an important role in expressing that theme. The first scene that will be analyzed is that of opening credits and just how exactly this begins to set the stage for the main theme. In the very first frame, which also becomes the establishing shot, we come to a high angle shot that is zoomed in close on the words â€Å"Sunset Blvd† painted on a street curb as the image is also flooded with dramatic nondiegetic music. This becomes very important because the curb is also the gutter. Here, not even ten seconds into the movie, do we get our first glimpse of what the film is about; the mise-en-scene here involving a symbolic visual correlation to the central theme an this gutter frame is depicted through this entire establishing shot. Along with this we get more connection through the voice over actually describing, in an almost a sarcastic manner which should not be the case at all, about a murder on this high class, high status block. It’s almost as if this is a clear depiction of the true chaos tied in with how this H ollywood life can and will be to the people involved with it. As the film zooms out to a long shot of Sunset, we see the police brigade come and wiz by through a very quick pan shot. The next thing is a cross cut to the actual mansion where more commotion is viewed at an obvious murder scene. Bottom line is that the mise-en-scene involved here does an excellent job setting up the movie’s thematic intentions.... ... truly thinks is going to be another film. The whole scene in its’ entirety depicts that once again the â€Å"dream† can be destroyed just as her life has done the same. The final integration of this motif comes in the very last frame as the movie fades out; only this is not a normal fade out. Instead Wilder chooses to blur the fade into an eerie white, which gives us a sense that the dream is now finally over. In conclusion I hoped to have demonstrated just how the all the specific film making techniques used throughout the film help to define the central theme as it is intertwined with the action. As I have conveyed, realism is just one of the very important aspects that help the production of this film come to the close of its’ solid final cut. I think that this being the ultimate visual style of the picture it is what made this movie so great. It got the point across and it definitely had an influence on the way films were shot after it. In a way, it becomes sort of ironic. A film created in Hollywood that molds a horrid model of how messed up its own surroundings can be, actually end up shaping the industry it finds itself in. That in my opinion is, in itself, supreme filmmaking.